1.表示时间的 at, in, on: at 表示片刻的时间,如:at 8 o’clock,at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas, at New Year 等。 in 表示一段的时间,如:in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future等。 on总是跟日子有关,如:on Monday, on Christmas morning, on the following, on May Day, on a warm morning 等。 2.表示时间的 since 和 from: since 表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程,常与现在完成时连用:from 表示从时间的某一点开始,不涉及与现在的关系。一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。 如:I hope to do morning exercises from today./ We have not seen each other since 1995. 3.表示时间的 in和after: 两者都表示“在(某个时间)之后”,区别在于in表示“在(一段时间)之后”,而 after 则表示“在(某一具体时间点)之后”,in 短语和将来时态连用,after 短语和过去时态或将来时态连用。 如:We’ll be back in three days./ After seven the rain began to fall./ What shall we do after graduation?/ After two months he returned. 注意:after 有时也可以表示在一段时间之后(常用在过去时里)。 4.表示地理位置的 in, on, to: in 表示在某范围内,on 指与什么毗邻,to 指在某环境范围之外。 如:Changchun is in the northeast of China./ Mongolia is on the north of China./ Japan is tothe east of China. 5.表示“在……上”的 on 和 in: on 只表示在某物的表面上,而用 in 表示占去某物一部分,表示……上。 如:There is a book on the piece of paper./ There is an interesting article in the newspaper./ He dug a hole in the wall. 6.表示“穿过……”的 through 和 across: through 表示从内部通过,与 in有关;across 表示“穿过……”,表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过,与 on 有关。 如:Water flows through the pipe./ The old man walked across the street. 7.in the corner, on the corner, at the corner: in the corner表示在角落,in 指角的内面;on the corner 表示“在角上”,on 指的不是内面,也不是外面,而含内外兼有之意;at the corner指“在拐角处”,指的是拐角附近。 如:The lamp stands in the corner of the room./ I met at with him at the street corner./ He sat on the corner of the table. 8.in the end, at the end of, by the end of: in the end 作“最后”“终于”解,可单独使用,后不接介词 of;at the end of 表示“在……末梢”“到……尽头”,既可指时间,也可以指地上或物体。不可单独使用;by the end of 作“在……结束时”、“到……末为止”解,只能指时间,不可单独使用。 如:In the end they reached a place of safety./ At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden./ They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week./ by the end of last month he had finished the novel. 9.表示“关于”的 about 和 on: 两者都有“关于”的意思,不过前者为一般用词,而后者表示“关于”,为较正式的“论述”。 如:He came to tell me about something important./ He wrote a book on science. 10.between, among: 一般说来,between 表示两者之间,among用于三者或三者以上的中间。 如:You are to sit between your father and me./ He is always happy among his classmates. 注意:有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西,但如果强调的是两两相互间接关系,就适用于between。 如:Agreements were made between the different countries. 在谈到一些事物或一组事物,而把它们视为分居两边时用 between。 如:The little valley lies between high mountains. 在谈事物间的差别时,总是用 between。 如:They don’t know the difference between wheat, coats and barley. 11.bes ides, except, but, except for: besides 指除了……还有;如:All went out besides me. except 指“除了,减去什么”,不能放在句首。如:All went out except me. but 与 except 意思近似,表示“除了……外”经常用在 no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything 等和其他疑问词后面。 如:I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper. except for 表示“若无……除非”,表明理由细节。 如:His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 12.表示“用”的 in 和 with: 表示工具的“用”,用 with,而表示材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等的“用”,用 in。 如:He is writing a letter with a pen./ He wrote the letter in pencil/ We measured it in pounds./ Read the text in a loud voice./ Tell me the story in English. 13.charge of 和 in the charge of: 两者都表示“由谁负责、照顾、管理”,区别在于:charge of 后接被照管的人或物,in the charge of 后面则跟照管的人。 如:Who is in charge of the project. The project is in the charge of an engineer. 14.as, like: as 作“作为”、“以……地位或身份”解。如:Let me speak to you as a father.(事实是父亲) like 作“像……一样”解。如:Let me speak to you like a father.(事实上不是父亲) 15.in front of 和 in the front of: in front of = before,是“在……前面”的意思(不在某物内),in the front of 则是“在……前部”的意思(在某物内)。 如:There is a desk in front of the blackboard./ The boy sat in the front of the car. 16.in, into: into 表示动向,不表示目的地或位置。如:We walked into the park. in 通常表示位置。如:We walked in the park. in 和 drop, fall, put, throw, break 等终止性动词连用时,也可以表示动向。 如:I have put the coin in (into) my pocket.我把硬币放进衣袋。
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